{"id":7883,"date":"2025-08-08T05:54:29","date_gmt":"2025-08-08T05:54:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/our-business-lines\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T15:48:57","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T15:48:57","slug":"our-business-lines","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/en\/our-business-lines\/","title":{"rendered":"Our business lines"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7883\" class=\"elementor elementor-7883 elementor-30\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28fc5564 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"28fc5564\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cfbbd4a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4cfbbd4a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21a869bc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"21a869bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our professions<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5074303e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5074303e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Com4Dev, which grew out of Communication for Development (C4D), now combines a variety of professions to support and manage cooperation projects, particularly on the international stage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38e52835 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38e52835\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b8dda85 e-transform animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6b8dda85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_rotateZ_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_rotateZ_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0.1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;motion_fx_rotateZ_affectedRange&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:0,&quot;end&quot;:75}},&quot;motion_fx_range&quot;:&quot;viewport&quot;,&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:-5,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100,&quot;motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nos-metiers-SERVICES-COOPERATION-ong-association-communication-evenements-com4dev-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7888\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nos-metiers-SERVICES-COOPERATION-ong-association-communication-evenements-com4dev-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/c4dev.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nos-metiers-SERVICES-COOPERATION-ong-association-communication-evenements-com4dev-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/c4dev.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nos-metiers-SERVICES-COOPERATION-ong-association-communication-evenements-com4dev-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/c4dev.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nos-metiers-SERVICES-COOPERATION-ong-association-communication-evenements-com4dev.jpg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50e734d5 e-transform animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"50e734d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_rotateZ_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_rotateZ_direction&quot;:&quot;negative&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_rotateZ_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0.1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;motion_fx_rotateZ_affectedRange&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:0,&quot;end&quot;:50}},&quot;motion_fx_range&quot;:&quot;viewport&quot;,&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:8,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100,&quot;motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nos-metiers-services-formation-video-com4dev-ONG-NGO-cooperation-internationale-rebelote-studio-com4-dev-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7889\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nos-metiers-services-formation-video-com4dev-ONG-NGO-cooperation-internationale-rebelote-studio-com4-dev-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/c4dev.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nos-metiers-services-formation-video-com4dev-ONG-NGO-cooperation-internationale-rebelote-studio-com4-dev-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/c4dev.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nos-metiers-services-formation-video-com4dev-ONG-NGO-cooperation-internationale-rebelote-studio-com4-dev-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/c4dev.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nos-metiers-services-formation-video-com4dev-ONG-NGO-cooperation-internationale-rebelote-studio-com4-dev.jpg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a562597 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a562597\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25cf4439 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25cf4439\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11dce9b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11dce9b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These projects involve various partner organizations, and Com4Dev&#8217;s approach is to reinforce their meaning and scope. This approach is based on listening, co-construction and sharing, in order to build appropriate strategies, strengthen team capabilities and encourage collective learning. <\/p><p>By contributing to the development and sharing of knowledge, Com4Dev fosters the emergence or reinforcement of the target groups&#8217; ability to act, as well as their appropriation of the results and mechanisms for change that they have put in place during the projects.<\/p><p>In this way, the association seeks to make initiatives more sustainable, more useful and better connected to their stakeholders.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-751ae3ca e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"751ae3ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-242a883b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"242a883b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efa75e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"efa75e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Project engineering and coordination<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c58172 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4c58172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">To design and support high-impact projects<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1e75b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1e75b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Com4Dev&#8217;s core business is the engineering of cooperative projects, from conception to implementation. Its members have proven multidisciplinary expertise in this field. <\/p><p>Our contribution aims to reinforce the impact of projects by promoting the appropriation of results by stakeholders. To do this, we integrate the logic of change from the outset and throughout projects, fully involving all parties in knowledge management.  We believe that sharing knowledge and understanding the mechanisms of change gives stakeholders a greater capacity to act, and encourages the dissemination of positive factors.<\/p><p>Com4Dev&#8217;s actions take into account local knowledge and the logic of target groups.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53066be elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"53066be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">We contribute to or pay for :<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2a6e3b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2a6e3b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ff9082 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9ff9082\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ideation processes<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-913fcb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"913fcb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Context analysis<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-648aecd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"648aecd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Project formulation<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33f6c58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33f6c58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The search for financing<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35e3d0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"35e3d0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Coordinating implementation<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ac7e97c elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4ac7e97c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/nos-metiers\/ingenierie-et-coordination-de-projets\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read more<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a34cb0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2a34cb0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06b7812 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"06b7812\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbfd2a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fbfd2a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Co-building strategies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-313d657 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"313d657\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">To set common objectives, ensure ownership and dissemination<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ffd498 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ffd498\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Com4Dev bases all its actions on strategic approaches developed jointly with stakeholders. It also provides this service to third parties for project formulation. The co-construction of strategies covers both objectives and expected long-term results, and the processes for achieving them, followed by action plans. It concerns an organization in all its internal and external dimensions, a program, a particular aspect such as communication for development, organizational knowledge management or global or specific project capitalization.   <\/p><p>Such an approach enables us to define a better coordination of partners throughout the project, with a shared vision and, above all, trajectories of change. The latter include pauses and reflections that enable us to take stock of the progress made, the effects of actions and the driving forces behind the changes engendered. By feeding into the monitoring-evaluation and intermediate learning processes, they promote project management by involving all stakeholders in decisions to adjust the action to pursue objectives more effectively. These stages are also crucial to the capitalization and formation of shared knowledge, which contributes to the multiplication and dissemination of results.     <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc8b4cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bc8b4cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typical co-construction stages (ex-ante) :  <\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9364042 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9364042\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ad9d22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ad9d22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diagnosis phase<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55ee43f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"55ee43f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Co-construction workshop(s)<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f790753 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f790753\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Validation of strategy and impact trajectories<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54d489e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54d489e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formulation of recommendations for<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d496298 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d496298\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/nos-metiers\/co-construction-de-strategies\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read more<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c20e7a1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c20e7a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0393d27 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0393d27\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b9d6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97b9d6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Capitalization<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9c5e69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d9c5e69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">To share lessons learned and understand changes<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-783d526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"783d526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Com4Dev has made capitalization one of its core businesses. Its approach aims to consolidate or bring out shared knowledge for a group of players, encourage their appropriation and reinforce the impact of projects by enabling them to draw detailed learning from their actions and results. <\/p><p>Capitalization can take place at the end of the project (ex-post) or during the various stages of a project. Ideally, a knowledge management strategy incorporating capitalization should be drawn up at the same time as the project. <\/p><p>Internal capitalization helps us to understand the mechanisms involved in the project and its implementation: objectives, actions, management, results, and to draw lessons concerning the role and involvement of the various parties involved, successes and failures.  <br>External capitalization aims to identify and measure the changes to which projects have contributed, as well as the often invisible mechanisms that have enabled these changes. It aims to provide food for thought on the effects at the level of individuals, organizations and the systems in which they are embedded, and thus on the impact of projects. <\/p><p>Capitalization and its dissemination can also be used to vary narratives and sketch out desirable futures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f73bc2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f73bc2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">We offer<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83f13ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"83f13ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-609ce95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"609ce95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Capitalization training<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37bfafa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37bfafa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Capitalization strategies<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6fc354 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f6fc354\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Capitalization reports<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-890bb29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"890bb29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Various capitalization media including videos, webdocumentaries, infographics, advocacy documents... depending on the target audience<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44f47e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"44f47e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/nos-metiers\/capitalisation\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read more<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-016defb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"016defb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a284b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c1a284b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b1114b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9b1114b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/nos-metiers\/mise-en-reseau-et-animation-de-communautes\/\">Networking and community building<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fda2ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2fda2ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">To share knowledge and learn collectively<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-224c107 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"224c107\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Com4Dev&#8217;s cooperative actions, particularly in transnational projects, are underpinned by an ongoing partnership approach. The organization acts at all levels of the knowledge management chain: from the emergence and creation of knowledge, to its sharing and pooling. <\/p><p>This approach is only possible with a strategic vision of knowledge management, and a detailed knowledge of target audiences, so that sharing can be fully adapted. This often calls for media and communication diagnostics to adapt dissemination tools to those for whom the knowledge is intended. Another important component is the valorization of local knowledge, the starting point for all strategic development.  <\/p><p>To disseminate and share knowledge, Com4Dev sets up, pilots and participates in communities of reflection and action, within which it contributes to the creation of development resource centers, the organization of peer-to-peer learning schemes and the design of tools, most often digital but not exclusively.  <br>Knowledge sharing takes different forms depending on the target audience. For example   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94d79b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c94d79b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Knowledge sharing takes different forms depending on the target audience, for example  <\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2738e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f2738e0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e564c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e564c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Organization of international conferences and events<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9aba26c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9aba26c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Setting up exhibitions<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b73e53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0b73e53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Designing awareness campaigns<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74f82dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74f82dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Design and production of publications, multimedia and multi-media tools<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-caa2b6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"caa2b6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Production of capitalization documents and films<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dc0dae elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0dc0dae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/nos-metiers\/mise-en-reseau-et-animation-de-communautes\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read more<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d37819 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2d37819\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e17aef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e17aef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b98ebfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b98ebfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/nos-metiers\/formations\/\">Training<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3b1142 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3b1142\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Empowering people to act<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e82c556 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e82c556\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Com4Dev offers training courses throughout the year on the know-how and methodologies applied in its projects. Training courses are generally given on an in-house basis, in order to collectively reinforce the capacities of project teams or strategic groups. Inter-organizational training is also possible, bringing together project managers and field agents from several organizations.<\/p><p>These training courses are organized on an \u00e0 la carte basis and focus on project engineering and capitalization. They are designed to provide concrete case studies and feedback from proven experience.  Com4Dev also works with training organizations, teaching a module on Communication for Development within the Master ADEV program at Montpellier&#8217;s Paul Val\u00e9ry University.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1e6cd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1e6cd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pedagogical engineering includes :<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b91d371 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b91d371\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c54424c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c54424c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Analysis of training needs<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf29c18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf29c18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Designing adapted modules<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd6ff38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bd6ff38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The constant link between theory and practical workshops on projects set up by training participants.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5a2cbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e5a2cbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sharing feedback from the field<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59c79dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59c79dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Assessment of prior learning<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a37c99f elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a37c99f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/nos-metiers\/formations\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read more<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7969168 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7969168\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0c0987 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0c0987\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af5d2c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"af5d2c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/nos-metiers\/organisation-devenements-internationaux\/\">Organizing international events<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60f20a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60f20a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">To facilitate dialogue and cooperation dynamics<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d954c82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d954c82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Com4Dev has developed proven expertise in organizing international events, both in France and in other countries. It is thus able to organize such events as part of its own projects, but also operates in partnership with structures and organizations to which it brings the international component. Aside from the specific themes of its events, Com4Dev&#8217;s aim is to contribute to changing narratives on international cooperation, taking account of diversity and in the spirit of popular education.  <\/p><p>In particular, it is a key partner of Halle Tropisme and Coop\u00e9rative Illusions &#038; Macadam in Montpellier, with whom it takes part in the organization and management of events such as the Biennale Europe-Afrique de Montpellier, both as part of the general program and through parallel events.<\/p><p>Our approach is based on our skills and experience in project engineering. We contribute to..: <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc48a28 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc48a28\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08d89f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08d89f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">formulation<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1923259 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1923259\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">implementation by providing contacts<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6763cae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6763cae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">identifying and assisting the participation of international experts and guests from third countries<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-621e303 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"621e303\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">animation of complete sequences including facilitation of panels and debates<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66a658a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66a658a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">general communications<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-040dbd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"040dbd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">capitalize on the conclusions of the various sequences in which we are involved<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9dcb20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b9dcb20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/nos-metiers\/organisation-devenements-internationaux\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read more<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Our professions Com4Dev, which grew out of Communication for Development (C4D), now combines a variety of professions to support and manage cooperation projects, particularly on the international stage. These projects involve various partner organizations, and Com4Dev&#8217;s approach is to reinforce their meaning and scope. This approach is based on listening, co-construction and sharing, in order [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7883","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7883"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7892,"href":"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7883\/revisions\/7892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c4dev.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}